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Original Article
A technical note on endonasal combined microscopic endoscopic with free head navigation technique of removal of pituitary adenomas
Ossama Al-Mefty1 
, Svetlana Pravdenkova1 and Cristian Gragnaniello1
(1)
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham, #507, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
Received: 11 December 2008 Revised: 9 June 2009 Accepted: 2 January 2010 Published online: 2 March 2010
Pituitary surgery exemplifies the continuous refinement of surgical techniques. The transsphenoidal approach is the approach of choice to treat most pituitary adenomas. We report here, as a technical note, an operative nuance that represents an encompassment of various technical steps that we utilize in our current surgery, including the corroboration of navigation system on a free head with combined use of endoscope and microscope techniques.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10143-010-0241-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Keywords Transsphenoidal surgery - Sellar tumors - Pituitary adenoma - Surgical technique - Microsurgery - Endonasal endoscopy - Neuronavigation - Minimal invasive surgery
Ossama Al-Mefty
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